Hereupon Kossuth publicly declared (Nov. 22) to a deputation of his constituents from Czegled that he himself was in favour of an unbiased financial institution, however that the king opposed it, and that within the event of no concessions being made he would join the opposition. This proposal was without delay recognized by public opinion—to use the language of the Journal des Débats (May 21, 1909)—as “an instrument of domination” somewhat than as an try to hold out the spirit of the compact under which the Coalition authorities had been summoned to power. A interval of infinite confusion and extreme distress now ensued, of which solely the salient points can right here be famous. The attempts of the Habsburgs to overcome Transylvania drew down upon them two recent Turkish invasions, the first in Siege of Szigetvár. 1552, when the sultan’s generals captured Temesvár and fifty-four lesser forts or fortresses, and the second in 1566, memorable as Suleiman’s final descent upon Hungary, and in addition for the heroic defence of Szigetvár by Miklós Zrinyi one of the classical sieges of history.

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57 The People’s party first emerged during the elections of 1896, when it contested 98 seats. Its object was to withstand the anti-clerical tendencies of the Liberals, and for this function it appealed to the “nationalities” in opposition to the dominant Magyar parties, the due enforcement of the Law of Equal Rights of Nationalities (1868) forming a major merchandise of its programme. Its chief, Count Zichy, in a speech of Jan. 1, 1897, declared it to be neither nationwide, nor Liberal, nor Christian to oppress the nationalities. 46 Especially the Electoral Law of 1874, which established a very unequal distribution of electoral areas, a extremely complicated franchise, and voting by public declaration, thus making it easy for the government to intimidate the electors and usually to gerrymander the elections. 40 The crowning atrocities, which the Magyars have by no means wholly forgiven, have been the taking pictures and hanging of the “Arad Martyrs” and the execution of Batthyány. On October 6, 1849, thirteen generals who had taken part within the struggle, including Damjanics and Counts Vécsey and Leiningen, had been hanged or shot at Arad.

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But, stimulated by the representations of Pope Innocent XI., who, nicely conscious of the internal weak spot of the Turk, was bent upon forming a Holy League to drive them out of Europe, and alarmed, in addition to, by the danger of Vienna and the hereditary states, Leopold reluctantly contracted an alliance with John III. Of Poland, and gave the command of the military which, mainly by way of the efforts of the pope he had been capable of assemble, to Prince Charles of Lorraine. The war, which lasted for sixteen years and put an finish to the Turkish dominion in Hungary, began with the world-renowned siege of Vienna (July 14-Sept. 12, 1683).

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HUNALD, Duke of succeeded his father Odo, or Eudes, in 735. He refused to acknowledge the excessive authority of the Frankish mayor of the palace, Charles Martel, whereupon Charles marched south of the Loire, seized Bordeaux and Blaye, however ultimately allowed Hunald to retain Aquitaine given that he ought to promise constancy. From 736 to 741 the relations between Charles and Hunald seem to have remained amicable. But at Charles’s death in 741 Hunald declared war towards the Franks, crossed the Loire and burned Chartres. Menaced by Pippin and Carloman, Hunald begged for peace in 745 and retired to a monastery, in all probability on the Isle of Ré. We discover him later in Italy, the place he allied himself with the Lombards and was stoned to dying.

Among the birds are the vulture, eagle, falcon, buzzard, kite, lark, nightingale, heron, stork and bustard. The rivers and lakes yield huge portions of fish, and leeches are also plentiful. The Theiss, as quickly as higher supplied with fish than some other river in Europe, has for a few years fallen off in its productiveness. The tradition of the silkworm is chiefly carried on in the south, and in Croatia-Slavonia. Hilly areas of Transylvania and of the northern a part of Hungary consist of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rocks and are intently connected, both in construction and origin, with the Carpathian chain.

Of France took the Hungarian mining system because the model for his metallurgical reforms, and Hungarian master-miners have been additionally in great demand on the court of Ivan the Terrible. Moreover, the keen inventive instincts of Matthias led him to brighten his cities as properly as fortify them. Debreczen was practically rebuilt by him, and dates its prosperity from his reign.